If you have a smartphone or other mobile device, you probably use apps. Easy to download and often free, mobile apps allow you to play games, get turn-by-turn directions, access music, books, videos, news, weather and more.
In fact, apps can be so much fun and so convenient that you might download them without thinking -- about how they're paid for, what information they may gather from your device, or who gets that information. Before you use a mobile app, here are some questions and answers to consider from
OnGuardOnline.gov, the federal government's online safety and security site.
What are mobile apps?
Mobile apps (short for applications) are software programs you can download and access directly using your phone or another mobile device like a tablet or music player.
What do I need to download and use an app?
You need a smartphone, a tablet, or another mobile device with internet access. Not all apps work on all mobile devices. Once you buy a device, you're committed to using the operating system and the type of apps that go with it. The Android, Apple, Microsoft, and BlackBerry mobile operating systems have app stores online where you can look for -- and download and install -- apps. Some online retailers also offer app stores. You'll have to use an app store that works with your device's operating system. To set up an account, you may have to provide a credit card number, especially if you're going to download an app that isn't free.
Why are some apps free?
Some apps are distributed for free through app stores. Free apps can make money in a few ways:
- Some sell advertising space within the app. The app developers can earn money from the ads, so they distribute the app at no charge to reach as many users as possible.
- Some apps are offered free in basic versions. Their developers hope you’ll like the app enough to upgrade to a paid version with more features.
- Some apps allow you to buy more features within the app itself. Usually, you are billed for these in-app purchases through the app store. Many devices have settings that allow you to block in-app purchases.
- Some apps are offered free to interest you in a company’s other products. These apps are a form of advertising.
What types of data can apps access?
When you sign up with an app store or download individual apps, you may be asked for your permission to let them access information on your device. Some apps may be able to access your phone and email contacts, call logs, internet data, calendar data, data about the device’s location, the device’s unique IDs, and information about how you use the app itself. Some apps access only the data they need to function, but others access data that’s not related to the purpose of the app.
If you’re providing information when you’re using the device, someone may be collecting it -- whether it’s the app developer, the app store, an advertiser or an ad network. And if they’re collecting your data, they may share it with other companies.
How can I tell what information an app will access or share?
It’s not always easy to know what data a specific app will access, or how it will be used. Before you download an app, consider what you know about who created it and what it does. The app stores may include information about the company that developed the app -- if the developer provides it. If the developer doesn’t provide contact information -- like a website or an email address -- the app may be less trustworthy.
If you’re using an Android operating system, you will have an opportunity to read the “permissions” just before you install an app. Do it. It’s useful information that tells you what information the app will access on your device. Ask yourself whether the permissions make sense given the purpose of the app; for example, there’s no reason for an e-book or “wallpaper” app to read your text messages.
Why does my phone collect location data?
Some apps use specific location data to give you maps, coupons for nearby stores, or information about who you might know nearby. Some provide location data to ad networks, which may combine it with other information in their databases to target ads based on your interests and your location.
Once an app has your permission to access your location data, it can do so until you change the settings on your phone. If you don’t want to share your location with advertising networks, you can turn off location services in your phone’s settings. But if you do that, apps won’t be able to give you information based on your location unless you type it in yourself.
Your phone uses general data about its location so your phone carrier can efficiently route calls. Even if you turn off location services in your phone’s settings, it may not be possible to completely stop it from broadcasting location data.
Why does the app I download have ads in it?
Developers want to provide their apps as inexpensively as possible so lots of people will use them. If they sell advertising space in the app -- in addition to making money from selling the app -- they can offer the app for a lower cost than if it didn’t have ads. Some developers sell space in their apps to ad networks that, in turn, sell the space to advertisers.
Should I update my apps?
Your phone may indicate when updates are available for your apps. It’s a good idea to update the apps you’ve installed on your device -- and the device’s operating system -- when new versions are available. Updates often have security patches that protect your information and your device from the latest malware. App updates also may include additional features.
Could an app infect my phone with malware?
Some hackers have created apps that can infect phones and mobile devices with malware. If your phone sends email or text messages that you didn’t write, or installs apps that you didn’t download, those could be signs of malware.
If you think you may have malware on your device, you have a few options. You can contact customer support for the company that made it; you can contact your mobile phone carrier for help; or you can install a security app to scan and remove apps if it detects malware. Security apps for phones are relatively new; there are only a few on the market, including some with free versions.
Can I trust all the user reviews I read about an app?
Most app stores include user reviews you can read before you decide whether to download. But some app developers and their marketers have posed as consumers to post positive comments about their own products. In fact, the
Federal Trade Commission recently sued a company for posting fake comments about apps it was paid to promote.
This article was written by Federal Trade Commission staff. For more safety tips and information, visit OnGuardOnine.gov.
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